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Chances are you listen to the phrase bitcoin mining and your mind begins to wander to the Western fantasy of pickaxes, soil, and striking it rich. As it turns out, that analogy isnt too far away.

Far less glamorous but equally uncertain, bitcoin mining is done by high-powered computers which solve complex computational math problems (read: so complicated that they cannot be solved by hand). The fortune and work required by a computer to solve one of these problems is the equivalent of a miner striking gold in the ground while digging in a sandbox.

The end result of bitcoin mining is twofold. To begin with, when computers resolve these complex mathematics problems on the bitcoin networkthey produce new bitcoin, not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold from the ground. And second, by solving computational mathematics problems, bitcoin miners create the bitcoin payment network trustworthy and protected, by verifying its transaction information. .

Theres a good chance all that only made so much sense. In order to explain how bitcoin mining functions in greater detail, lets begin with a procedure thats a tiny bit closer to home: the regulation of printed currency.

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Consumers tend to anticipate printed currencies, at least in the United States. Feeling because the U.S. dollar is backed with a central bank known as the Federal Reserve. In addition to a host of other responsibilities, the Federal Reserve modulates the production of new money and prosecutes the usage of counterfeit currency. .

Even digital payments using the U.S. buck are backed by a central authority. When you make an online order using your debit card or charge card, by way of instance, that transaction is processed by means of a payment processing company like Mastercard or Visa. In addition to recording your transaction history, these companies verify that transactions are not fraudulent, and that's one reason that your credit or debit card could be suspended while traveling. .

Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not regulated by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is endorsed by millions of servers throughout the world known as miners. This network i loved this of computers plays the same function as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but using a few key differences. Like the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, bitcoin miners record transactions and assess their accuracy.

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When someone makes a purchase or purchase using bitcoin, we predict a transaction. Transactions made in-store and online are documented by banks, point-of-sale systems, and physical receipts. Bitcoin miners achieve the exact same effect with no institutions by clumping transactions together in cubes and adding them to a public record called the blockchain. .

When bitcoin miners add a new block of transactions to the blockchain, part of the job is to make sure that these transactions are true. (More on the wonder of the way this happens in a second.) In particular, bitcoin miners make certain bitcoin are not being duplicated, a unique quirk of electronic currencies known as double-spending.

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Once you spend $20 at the shop, that invoice is in the clerks handson. With electronic currency, however, it is a different story. .

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Digital information can be replicated relatively easily, so with bitcoin and other electronic currencies, there is a threat that a spender can make backup of the bitcoin and send it to another party whilst still holding onto the original. Let's return to printed currency for a moment and say someone attempted to replicate their $20 bill in order to spend the original and the counterfeit in a supermarket shop.

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When the numbers were identical, then the clerk could know use this link the money had been replicated. This analogy is similar to what a bitcoin miner does when they confirm new transactions. .

With as many as 600,000 purchases and sales occurring in a single day, however, verifying every one of those transactions can be a lot of work for miners, which gets at one other crucial difference between bitcoin miners and the Federal Reserve, Mastercard, or Visa. As compensation for their efforts, miners are awarded bitcoin whenever they include a new block of transactions to the blockchain.

In 2009, it had been 50. In 2013, it was 25, at the time of writing it is 12.5, and sometime in the center of 2020 it will halve to 6.25. .

At this speed of halving, the entire number of bitcoin in circulation will approach a limit of 21 million, making the currency more scarce and precious over time but also more costly for miners to make.

Here is the catch. In order for bitcoin miners to really earn bitcoin from verifying transactions, two things must occur. To begin with, they need to confirm 1 megabyte (MB) worth of transactions, which can technically be as small as 1 transaction but are far more official source often a few thousand, depending on how much data each transaction stores.

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